Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

Which substance is known as a nerve agent in emergency response?

1. VX

2. Sarin

3. Soman

4. Mustard gas

The correct answer is: Soman

The correct choice is a substance commonly recognized in emergency response as a nerve agent due to its ability to disrupt normal nerve function. This classification arises because these substances inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the body. When the enzyme is inhibited, acetylcholine builds up, leading to continuous stimulation of muscles, glands, and the central nervous system. VX and Sarin are also well-established nerve agents and function similarly, but Soman specifically has characteristics that highlight its use in military and terrorist attacks due to its potency and rapid action. Mustard gas, on the other hand, is classified differently as it is primarily a blistering agent rather than a nerve agent. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effective emergency response training and preparedness.