Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

When is a hypertensive crisis considered a true emergency?

1. When the patient experiences severe headaches

2. When blood pressure exceeds 180/120 mmHg

3. When signs of central nervous system dysfunction are present

4. When the patient has chest pain

The correct answer is: When signs of central nervous system dysfunction are present

A hypertensive crisis is considered a true emergency particularly when there are signs of central nervous system dysfunction present. This condition indicates that the elevated blood pressure is affecting the brain's function, which can lead to life-threatening complications such as stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy, or other neurological deficits. In cases where neurological symptoms manifest, such as altered mental status, confusion, seizures, or focal neurological deficits, immediate intervention is crucial to prevent irreversible damage. While elevated blood pressure readings, severe headaches, or chest pain are significant indicators of hypertension, it is the presence of central nervous system dysfunction that distinctly categorizes the situation as an emergency, as it signifies acute end-organ damage that requires rapid assessment and treatment.