Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

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Prepare for your EMT Intermediate Test. Study with detailed flashcards and multiple-choice questions, each featuring hints and explanations. Ace your exam!

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What is the term for the body's ability to recognize a foreign substance upon re-exposure?

Immunity
Sensitivity
Inflammation
Allergy

The correct answer is: Sensitivity

The correct answer is immunity. This term refers to the body's capacity to recognize and respond more effectively to a foreign substance, known as an antigen, upon subsequent exposures. The immune system develops a memory of the antigen after the first encounter, which enables a quicker and stronger response in future exposures. This process is crucial for the effectiveness of vaccinations, where a harmless form of the pathogen is introduced to stimulate an immune response without causing disease. Sensitivity, on the other hand, refers to the heightened responsiveness of the immune system to a specific allergen or irritant, typically seen in allergic reactions. Inflammation is a general immune response involving increased blood flow and white blood cell activity that occurs when tissues are injured or infected. Allergy specifically indicates an exaggerated immune response to normally harmless substances, leading to symptoms like itching, swelling, and respiratory issues. Understanding these distinctions helps recognize the mechanisms of the immune system and the body's ability to fend off infections, ensuring a proper grasp of medical concepts related to immunity.