Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

What is a true statement regarding sickle cell disease?

1. It primarily affects white blood cells

2. Red blood cells are abnormally shaped and less able to carry oxygen

3. It results in increased red blood cell counts

4. Symptoms only occur during acute crises

The correct answer is: Red blood cells are abnormally shaped and less able to carry oxygen

Sickle cell disease is characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S, which causes red blood cells to assume a rigid, sickle shape rather than their normal round shape. These abnormally shaped cells are less flexible and can lead to blockages in blood vessels, which disrupts blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Because of their shape, sickle cells also have a shorter lifespan, which contributes to anemia and can lead to various complications. This knowledge is crucial in understanding how sickle cell disease impacts oxygen transport and overall health. The other statements do not align with the established facts about sickle cell disease. For instance, white blood cells are not primarily affected; the main issue revolves around red blood cells. Moreover, sickle cell disease typically results in a reduced red blood cell count due to hemolysis rather than an increased count. While individuals with sickle cell disease may experience symptoms primarily during a sickle cell crisis, they can also experience complications and health issues outside of these acute episodes. Each of these inaccuracies highlights the importance of recognizing the unique nature of sickle cell disease and its implications for patient care.